288 articles from TUESDAY 4.5.2021

New synapse-like phototransistor

Researchers have developed a breakthrough in energy-efficient phototransistors. Such devices could eventually help computers process visual information more like the human brain and be used as sensors in things like self-driving vehicles.

Algorithms improve how we protect our data

Scientists have developed algorithms that more efficiently measure how difficult it would be for an attacker to guess secret keys for cryptographic systems. The approach could reduce the computational complexity needed to validate encryption security.

Circadian rhythm research could turn early birds into night owls

Researchers have identified a set of genes, called clock genes, that control circadian rhythms. But a more complicated gene network than previously known appears related to these rhythms. Scientists detail a statistical model they are using to help identify the genes involved in this network. With help from other disciplines, they hope to fully understand how these genes work together to make...

Surfaces can be designed with antiviral properties to mitigate COVID-19

If a respiratory droplet from a person infected with COVID-19 lands on a surface, it becomes a possible source of disease spread, because while 99.9 percent of the droplet's liquid content evaporates within minutes, a residual thin film that allows the virus to survive can be left behind. In a new study, researchers explore how the evaporation rate of residual thin films can be accelerated by...

Using 4D printing to enable vascularization, bone tissue regeneration, spinal fusion

There has been an increase in the number of people over 65 who have needed spinal fusion surgery, and many have focused on trying to create a biomimetic scaffold that induces vascularization. Researchers present a solution to address the challenge: They designed a microchannel scaffold made of a collagen and hydroxyapitite combination, with each strut consisting of micrometer-scaled microchannels....

Cellphone converts into powerful chemical detector

Scientists have developed an extension to an ordinary cellphone that makes it capable of detecting chemicals, drugs, biological molecules, and pathogens. The development is based on fluorescence spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy and uses the high-quality cameras found in modern cellphones. An inexpensive diode laser is used as a light source, oriented at right angles to the line connecting the...

Geology helps astronomers find habitable planets

Astronomers have identified more than 4,000, and counting, confirmed exoplanets -- planets orbiting stars other than the sun -- but only a fraction have the potential to sustain life. Now, new research is using the geology of early planet formation to help identify those that may be capable of supporting life.

Complex shapes of photons to boost future quantum technologies

Researchers have demonstrated how two interfering photons can bunch into various shapes. These complex shapes are beneficial for quantum technologies, such as performing fast photonic quantum computations and safe data transfer. The method opens new possibilities also for creating enhanced measurement and sensing techniques.

The micro-environment of breast cancer in three dimensions

Cancerous tumors thrive on blood, extending their roots deep into the fabric of the tissue of their host. They alter the genetics of surrounding cells and evolve to avoid the protective attacks of immune cells. Now, researchers have developed a way to study the relationship between solid, difficult-to-treat tumors and the microenvironment they create to support their growth.