170 articles from FRIDAY 11.6.2021
Vitamin D deficiency may increase risk for addiction to opioids and ultraviolet rays
- ScienceDaily
- 21/6/11 23:40
Lab animals deficient in vitamin D crave and become dependent on opioids, which is curbed when normal levels of the vitamin are restored. Human health records indicate that people with low vitamin D are more likely to use and misuse opioids. Study results suggest a potential role for vitamin D supplementation in fighting opioid addiction.
New discovery shows human cells can write RNA sequences into DNA
- ScienceDaily
- 21/6/11 23:40
In a discovery that challenges long-held dogma in biology, researchers show that mammalian cells can convert RNA sequences back into DNA, a feat more common in viruses than eukaryotic cells.
Edge of Pine Island Glacier's ice shelf is ripping apart, causing key Antarctic glacier to gain speed
- ScienceDaily
- 21/6/11 23:40
Pine Island Glacier's ice shelf lost about one-fifth of its total area between 2017 and 2020, in three dramatic collapses. Meanwhile the glacier sped up by 12 percent. The rest of the ice shelf, the authors say, could disappear much sooner than previous studies had suggested.
Queen’s birthday list honours key figures in UK Covid vaccine drive
Taskforce chief Kate Bingham gets damehood and Oxford research leaders also rewardedKey figures in the battle against Covid-19 and Britain’s vaccine success have been rewarded in the Queen’s birthday honours list, with vaccines taskforce chair Kate Bingham getting a damehood.Honours are also bestowed on two leaders of the research teams at the Oxford Vaccine Centre who developed and...
New discovery shows human cells can write RNA sequences into DNA
Cells contain machinery that duplicates DNA into a new set that goes into a newly formed cell. That same class of machines, called polymerases, also build RNA messages, which are like notes copied from the central DNA repository of recipes, so they can be read more efficiently into proteins. But polymerases were thought to only work in one direction DNA into DNA or RNA. This prevents RNA messages...
Big data: IPK researchers double accuracy in predicting wheat yields
The enormous potential of Big Data has already been demonstrated in areas such as financial services and telecommunications. An international team of researchers led by the IPK Leibniz Institute has now tapped the potential of big data for the first time on a large scale for plant research. To this end, data from three projects were used to increase the predictive accuracy for yield in hybrid...
Pine Island Glacier's ice shelf is ripping apart, speeding up key Antarctic glacier
For decades, the ice shelf helping to hold back one of the fastest-moving glaciers in Antarctica has gradually thinned. Analysis of satellite images reveals a more dramatic process in recent years: From 2017 to 2020, large icebergs at the ice shelf's edge broke off, and the glacier sped up.
Covid cases in England rising at fastest rate since winter wave
Further doubts over 21 June as data shows national surge fuelled by cases in the north-westCoronavirus – latest updatesSee all our coronavirus coverageCoronavirus cases in England are rising at their fastest rate since the winter wave, according to government figures that will raise further doubts about the timetable for lifting remaining restrictions on 21 June.Daily infections are now rising...
Some climate change fixes could drive extinctions, UN warns
To save the planet, the world needs to tackle the crises of climate change and species loss together, taking measures that fix both and not just one, United Nations scientists...
'Unacceptable environmental effects': New federal policy restricts thermal coal
The new policy erects another roadblock for Coalspur Mines and its Vista mine expansion near Hinton, Alta., the only such mine in Canada currently before...
For love of birds: Backyard sleuths boost scientists' work
Georgetown University ecologist Emily Williams first became fascinated with birds not because of their beauty, or their sweet songs. She was riveted by their extraordinary travels.
Brain areas involved in seeking information about bad possibilities
- ScienceDaily
- 21/6/11 17:08
Researchers have identified the brain regions involved in choosing whether to find out if a bad event is about to happen.
AI predicts how patients with viral infections, including COVID-19, will fare
- ScienceDaily
- 21/6/11 17:08
Gene expression patterns associated with pandemic viral infections provide a map to help define patients' immune responses, measure disease severity, predict outcomes and test therapies -- for current and future pandemics.
An omega-3 that's poison for tumors
- ScienceDaily
- 21/6/11 17:08
3D tumors that disintegrate within a few days thanks to the action of a well-known omega-3 (DHA, found mainly in fish) -- this is a promising discovery. Hungry for fatty acids, tumor cells in acidosis gorge themselves on DHA but are unable to store it correctly and literally poison themselves. The result? They die.
Climate change is a threat to Africa's transport systems: What must be done
Transportation infrastructure, such as roads and railway systems, is one of the sectors most threatened by climate change. Extreme weather events—such as flooding, sea level rises and storm surges—repeatedly wreak havoc on transport networks.
Plant functional traits may better explain liana species distributions
Plant functional traits are morphological, physiological or phenological properties that affect plant growth, survival, and reproduction. They hold the promise to explain plant species distribution patterns. However, few studies have linked multiple traits to multiple niche dimensions (i.e., light, water, and nutrients).
Shelter from the storm: The social landscape of pets in disasters
Most researchers can draw a line from their current field of study to something in their past that first lit the spark—an engineer who had a knack for fixing things, an economics professor who was always good with numbers.
Researchers warn that modern slavery has been exacerbated by COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic has made more people vulnerable to modern slavery and caused an increase in worker exploitation and child labor around the world, Keele researchers have found.
Novel magnet design with mirror-like properties
Researchers at Tohoku University have demonstrated the designability of novel magnets with magic mirror-like characteristics in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP)-type compounds.
A quarter of global harvests at risk if agriculture does not adapt to climate change
Shifts in weather patterns induced by climate change will increase extreme heat and reduce rainfall across major crop growing regions, with impacts on agricultural production. Will this trigger a decline in the supply of calories needed to sustain the world's growing population?
Voyage 2050 sets sail: ESA chooses future science mission themes
ESA's large-class science missions for the timeframe 2035-2050 will focus on moons of the giant Solar System planets, temperate exoplanets or the galactic ecosystem, and new physical probes of the early universe.
Why do people support fish species conservation in European rivers?
An important element for the protection of biodiversity is the willingness of the public to support restoration efforts. Using a longitudinal survey design with 1,000 respondents each in France, Germany, Norway and Sweden, scientists led by the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB) investigated which values, beliefs and norms promote conservation-oriented behavior...
Albinism in Tanzania: What can be done to break the stigma
The light physical appearance of people with albinism is caused by an inherited condition which results in a lack of melanin. This means people with albinism will have very pale skin, hair, and eyes.
Particles at the ocean surface and seafloor aren't so different
Although scientists often assume that random variations in scientific data fit symmetrical, bell-shaped normal distributions, nature isn't always so tidy. In some cases, a skewed distribution, like the log-normal probability distribution, provides a better fit. Researchers previously found that primary production by ocean phytoplankton and carbon export via particles sinking from the surface are...
Researchers observe sound-light pulses in 2D materials for the first time
Using an ultrafast transmission electron microscope, researchers from the Technion—Israel Institute of Technology have, for the first time, recorded the propagation of combined sound and light waves in atomically thin materials.
Citizen scientists discover two gaseous planets around a bright, sun-like star
At night, seven-year-old Miguel likes talking to his father Cesar Rubio about planets and stars. "I try to nurture that," says Rubio, a machinist in Pomona, California, who makes parts for mining and power generation equipment.
South African worker honeybees reproduce by making near-perfect clones of themselves
A team of researchers from the University of Sydney, the ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute and York University, has found that workers in a species of honeybee found in South Africa reproduce by making near-perfect clones of themselves. In their paper published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, the group describes their study of the bees and what they learned about them.
ALMA discovers earliest gigantic black hole storm
Researchers using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) discovered a titanic galactic wind driven by a supermassive black hole 13.1 billion years ago. This is the earliest example yet observed of such a wind to date and is a telltale sign that huge black holes have a profound effect on the growth of galaxies from the very early history of the universe.
Climate change and melting glaciers have widely varied impacts on Asian water supplies
Climate change is causing mountain snow to melt more rapidly and glaciers to shrink, but this is making a widely varied impact on water supplies in Asia, a new paper by PSI Senior Scientist Jeffrey Kargel says.
Portable technology offers boost for nuclear security, arms control
About five years ago, Areg Danagoulian, associate professor in the MIT Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering (NSE), became intrigued by a technique developed by researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory that uses a neutron beam to identify unknown materials.
It's a myth that promiscuous women have low self-esteem
The old double standard lives on.
Bionic reconstruction: New foot for 'Mia' the bearded vulture
With Oskar Aszmann and his team at the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, MedUni Vienna has long been regarded as a world leader in bionic limb reconstruction. It was only last year that the world's first fully integrated bionic arm prosthesis was developed at MedUni Vienna. This is ready-to-use and is described as "Plug and Play." Although all bionic aids have so far...
UK space race investment 'is heating up'
The space industry is one of the UK's fastest growing sectors, worth £14.8bn a year.
In space, nobody can hear Jeff Bezos. So can Richard Branson go too? | Marina Hyde
News that the Amazon overlord is about to jet off has got the Virgin boss clamouring to get there first. You can do it, Richard!It’s famously impossible to take a bathroom break during a rocket launch, meaning Jeff Bezos will soon experience what it’s like to be one of his warehouse workers. Or, as the Amazon boss put it last week: “To see the Earth from space … changes your relationship...
Researchers build first modular quantum brain sensor, record signal
A team of scientists at the University of Sussex have for the first time built a modular quantum brain scanner, and used it to record a brain signal. This is the first time a brain signal has been detected using a modular quantum brain sensor anywhere in the world. It's a major milestone for all researchers working on quantum brain imaging technology because modular sensors can be scaled up, like...
Classical nova explosions involve jets of oppositely directed hot gas, plasma
Scientists at the University of Oxford have discovered that classical nova explosions are accompanied by the ejection of jets of oppositely directed hot gas and plasma, and that this persists for years following the nova eruption. Previously, such jets had only been encountered emanating from very different systems such as black holes or newly collapsing stars.
Variable emission from the Milky Way's supermassive black hole
At the center of our Milky Way lies a supermassive black hole (SMBH) called Sagittarius A* (SgrA*). Supermassive black holes reside at the centers of most galaxies, and when they actively accrete gas and dust onto their surrounding hot disks and environments, they radiate across the electromagnetic spectrum. The mass of SgrA* is about 4 million solar masses, much smaller than the billions of...
Star's death will play a mean pinball with rhythmic planets
Four planets locked in a perfect rhythm around a nearby star are destined to be pinballed around their solar system when their sun eventually dies, according to a new study that peers into its future.
Discovery of shackled skeleton in a ditch: Slavery in Roman Britain
A body found buried in a ditch by construction workers in the village of Great Casterton, in the east Midlands of England, has shed new light on Roman slavery in Britain. A new analysis of the skeleton and the burial has revealed that the male body was probably that of slave from third century.
Funding front-line action for the world's forgotten frogs
Frogs have been around for about 140 million years, since dinosaurs roamed the Earth, and are found in most moist corners of the world. IUCN has assessed 6,340 species of these tailless and smooth-bodied amphibians, and almost one in ten of them are classified as Critically Endangered.
Manage tourism and nature to boost both, report says
Tourism and the natural environment can be managed in ways that benefit both, new research reports suggest.
New material inspired by spider silk could help solve our plastic problem
Plastics are very useful materials. They've contributed significant benefits to modern society. But the unprecedented amount of plastics produced over the past few decades has caused serious environmental pollution.