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61 articles from ScienceDaily
Astronomers create 3D-printed stellar nurseries
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:48
Astronomers can't touch the stars they study, but an astrophysicist is using 3-dimensional models that fit in the palm of her hand to unravel the structural complexities of stellar nurseries, the vast clouds of gas and dust where star formation occurs. Astronomers created the models using data from simulations of star-forming clouds and a sophisticated 3D printing process in which the fine-scale...
Researchers use artificial intelligence to predict which COVID-19 patients will need a ventilator to breathe
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:48
Researchers have developed an online tool to help medical staff quickly determine which COVID-19 patients will need help breathing with a ventilator. The tool, developed through analysis of CT scans from nearly 900 COVID-19 patients diagnosed in 2020, was able to predict ventilator need with 84 percent accuracy.
Novel mechanism links genetic defect in IBD patients to gut leakiness
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:48
A team of researchers has identified a novel mechanism by which loss-of-function mutations in the gene PTPN2, found in many patients with inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, affect how intestinal epithelial cells maintain a barrier.
New food freezing concept improves quality, increases safety and cuts energy use
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:48
Shifting to a new food freezing method could make for safer and better quality frozen foods while saving energy and reducing carbon emissions, according to a new study. A complete change over to this new method of food freezing worldwide could cut energy use by as much as 6.5 billion kilowatt-hours each year while reducing the carbon emissions that go along with generating that power by 4.6...
Getting to the core of a more nutritious apple
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:47
A new platform housing data from over 100 apple varieties could shave years off of the breeding process and enable data-driven assessments of how to boost the health benefits of America's favorite fruit.
Sudden cardiac episodes could be caused by 'deadly cocktail'
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:47
It has been a mystery why some people live a perfectly normal life until experiencing a potentially deadly cardiac episode. Now, researchers present a possible explanation in a microscopic modification of a protein, which causes a mutation to turn harmful. The knowledge could help future diagnosis and drug regimens.
Prior exposure to common cold coronaviruses enhances immune response to SARS-CoV-2
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:47
Researchers have shown that certain immune cells, which are found in people previously exposed to common cold coronaviruses, enhance the body's immune response to SARS-CoV-2, both during natural infection and following vaccination. The researchers also report that this 'cross-reactive immunity' decreases with age. This phenomenon may help to explain why older people are more susceptible to severe...
New research advances clean energy solutions
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:47
Researchers describe the use of ring-shaped molecules known as porphyrins. Such molecules, among the most abundant pigments in nature, are noted for their ability to speed up or catalyze chemical reactions, including important reactions occurring in living systems.
Many with food allergies don’t know about oral immunotherapy treatment option
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:47
A study of a geographically, clinically, and socioeconomically diverse, nationally-representative sample of US households -- including both adult patients and caregivers of children with food allergy -- found that 72 percent did not know what oral immunotherapy (OIT) was prior to the survey. Researchers also discovered that current OIT awareness is disproportionately elevated among wealthier, more...
Exploring the role of gender in scholarly authorship disputes
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:47
A new paper found that women -- as compared to their male counterparts -- receive less credit for the work they put into academic publications, more frequently experience disagreements over authorship, and often end up losing out on opportunities for future collaboration as a result.
Testing 1-2: New laser-based microphone calibration measures up
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:47
Researchers have conducted the first demonstration of a faster and more accurate way to calibrate certain kinds of microphones. The technique, which uses lasers to measure the velocity at which a microphone's diaphragm vibrates, performs well enough to overtake one of the main calibration methods used.
Engineering CAR T cells to deliver endogenous RNA wakes solid tumors to respond to therapy
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:47
A new study shows CAR T cells expressing RN7SL1 can activate the body's natural immune cells against difficult-to-treat cancers.
Scientists discover a mechanism for memory transfer between individuals in C. elegans
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:47
Researchers demonstrated that the microscopic worm C. elegans uses a retrotransposon called Cer1 to transfer a learned behavior (avoidance of a pathogenic bacterium) between worms.
Mountaintop mining causes 40% loss of aquatic biodiversity
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:47
Using environmental DNA scans of Appalachian streams, researchers found that the effects of mountaintop coal mining in West Virginia are even more widespread than previously reported: Streams from heavily mined watersheds harbor 40% fewer species than streams with cleaner water.
HPV vaccination will reduce throat and mouth cancers, but overall impact will take 25-plus years to see
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:47
Vaccinations against human papillomavirus (HPV), a major cause of throat and back of mouth cancers, are expected to yield significant reductions in the rates of these cancers in the U.S., but will not do so until after 2045, according to a new modeling study.
Optimal lifting of COVID-19 restrictions would follow pace of vaccination, study suggests
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:47
A new analysis suggests that, in order to boost freedoms and protect against overwhelming new waves of COVID-19, the pace at which restrictions to reduce spread are lifted must be directly tied to the pace of vaccination.
Why are only some cells ‘competent’ to form cancer?
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:47
Medical researchers report that melanoma formation depends on something called 'oncogenic competence,' which is the result of a collaboration between the DNA mutations in a cell and the particular set of genes that are turned on in that cell. Cells that are competent to form melanoma are able to access a set of genes that normally are closed off to mature melanocytes (the cells that make melanin...
Surprise result for solid state physicists hints at unusual electron behavior
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:47
While studying the behavior of electrons in iron-based superconducting materials, researchers observed a strange signal relating to the way electrons are arranged. The signal implies a new arrangement of electrons the researchers call a nematicity wave, and they hope to collaborate with theoretical physicists to better understand it. The nematicity wave could help researchers understand the way...
Cavalier King Charles spaniels carry more harmful genetic variants than other breeds, study finds
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:46
Recent dog breeding practices have loaded up cavalier King Charles spaniels with disease-causing mutations, including variants linked to the common heart condition, myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD), according to new findings.
Stellar collision triggers supernova explosion
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:46
The Very Large Array Sky Survey gave astronomers the first clue that ultimately revealed a dramatic story -- the remnant of a star that exploded long ago had plunged into the core of its companion star causing it, too, to explode as a supernova.
Indian wolf among world’s most endangered and distinct wolves
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:46
The Indian wolf could be far more endangered than previously recognized, say first scientists to sequence its genome. Indian wolves could also represent the most ancient surviving lineage of wolves.
Putting a new theory of many-particle quantum systems to the test
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:46
New experiments using trapped one-dimensional gases -- atoms cooled to the coldest temperatures in the universe and confined so that they can only move in a line -- fit with the predictions of the recently developed theory of 'generalized hydrodynamics.'
Teenagers aren't as lonely in lockdown if interacting positively online, research finds
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:46
Parents and educators have long fretted over the amount of time children and teenagers spend online. But when it comes to screen time, the problem is not so much the number of hours spent online, but the quality of online interactions, particularly under stringent COVID-19 distancing or lockdown conditions, a new study shows.
Natural exposure to wildfire smoke increased pregnancy loss in rhesus macaques
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:46
Rhesus macaques naturally exposed to wildfire smoke early in pregnancy had an increased rate of miscarriage, according to new research.
Wing shape determines how far birds disperse
- ScienceDaily
- 21/9/2 23:46
Bird dispersal movements are thought to depend on complex demographic and genetic factors. Researchers show that there may be a simpler explanation: bird dispersal distances depend on the morphology and flight efficiency of the wings. Bird populations and the capacity of species to move across the landscape can determine which species will thrive and which may become endangered.