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84 articles from PhysOrg

New filtering method promises safer drinking water, improved industrial production

A team of scientists at the Tufts University School of Engineering has developed a new filtering technology. Inspired by biology, it could help curb a drinking water-related disease that affects tens of millions of people worldwide and potentially improve environmental remediation, industrial and chemical production, and mining, among other processes.

Ninth-grade ethnic studies helped students for years, researchers find

A ninth-grade ethnic studies class has a remarkably prolonged and strong positive impact on students, increasing their overall engagement in school, probability of graduating and likelihood of enrolling in college, according to a new study of a curriculum offered at the San Francisco Unified School District (SFUSD).

Conservation meet mulls moratorium on deep sea mining

The world's top conservation forum will vote this week on whether to recommend a moratorium on deep sea mining, with scientists warning that ecosystems degraded while dredging the ocean floor 5,000 metres below the waves could take decades or longer to heal.

Scientists discover the molecular mechanism of black-streaked dwarf virus in rice

Rice viruses are prevalent in many rice-growing countries and often cause serious damages to rice production. Among them, the rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV), transmitted by the small brown planthopper Laodelphax striatellus, causes tremendous losses in China's grain yields every year. Therefore, discovering the transmission mechanism of RBSDV is of immense significance for its effective...

Astronomers explain origin of elusive ultradiffuse galaxies

As their name suggests, ultradiffuse galaxies, or UDGs, are dwarf galaxies whose stars are spread out over a vast region, resulting in extremely low surface brightness, making them very difficult to detect. Several questions about UDGs remain unanswered: How did these dwarfs end up so extended? Are their dark matter halos—the halos of invisible matter surrounding the galaxies—special?

Hubble discovers hydrogen-burning white dwarfs enjoying slow aging

The prevalent view of white dwarfs as inert, slowly cooling stars has been challenged by observations from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. An international group of astronomers have discovered the first evidence that white dwarfs can slow down their rate of aging by burning hydrogen on their surface.

Solving key observational issues in tracking fine-scale changes of our planet from space

Our Earth has experienced rapid environmental changes tightly tied to anthropogenic activities. Satellite remote sensing offers a quantitative means to monitor such changes but is often limited to coarse spatial or temporal resolutions. Only very recently, with the arrival of Planet's Dove satellites, a constellation of CubeSats made of 190+ satellite sensors to produce daily and global coverage...

Continuous cover forestry maintains carbon sinks of nutrient-rich drained peatland forests

A recent study by the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), the Russian Academy of Sciences and the University of Eastern Finland analyzed how different forest management practices affect the timber production, ecosystem net primary production and emission of greenhouse gasses (GHG) in nutrient-rich peatlands drained for forestry in southern Finland. The examined sites acted as a carbon sink...

Large herbivores can reduce forest fire risks

The use of large herbivores can be an effective means to prevent and mitigate wildfires, especially in places facing land abandonment. They can replace much more costly solutions like firefighting or mechanical vegetation removal. This is the finding of a study led by researchers from the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), published in the Journal of Applied Ecology. They...

Novel imaging method reveals a surprising arrangement of DNA in the cell's nucleus

If you open a biology textbook and run through the images depicting how DNA is organized in the cell's nucleus, chances are you'll start feeling hungry; the chains of DNA would seem like a bowl of ramen: long strings floating in liquid. However, according to two new studies—one experimental and the other theoretical—that are the outcome of the collaboration between the groups of Prof. Talila...