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36 articles from PhysOrg

Newly discovered Fast Radio Burst 190520 prompts more questions due to strange behavior

Newly discovered fast radio burst (FRB) 190520 shows unique behavior compared to other FRBs discovered so far.  This deviant cosmic burst was observed by an international team, co-led by researchers at West Virginia University and the Center for Gravitational Waves and Cosmology. Just when you think you understand the pattern, a strange outlier comes along and forces you to re-evaluate all...

The secret carbon decisions plants are making about our future

New research from The University of Western Australia has revealed that plants make their own "secret" decisions about how much carbon to release back into the atmosphere via a previously unknown process, a discovery with "profound implications" for the use of plants as carbon stores.

Women in simulated space missions demonstrate more sustainable leadership

A new study based on Mars Desert Research Station commanders' reports reveals differences in female and male leadership behavior. Although both genders are task-focused, women tend to be more positive. The genders also differ in their approach toward their team—while men focus on accomplishments, women emphasize mutual support. According to the author of the study, Inga Popovaitė, a sociologist...

Bull shark 'baby food' under extreme threat

Juvenile bull sharks generally remain inside rivers, sheltered by mangroves while they are young and more vulnerable to predators, before moving out into coastal habitats. Until now, scientists assumed they relied on these mangrove habitats, rather than saltmarsh, to derive their nutritional needs via the crustaceans and fish that feed off mangrove.

Aging dams could soon benefit from $7B federal loan program

Eight years after Congress created the program, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is taking a first step toward offering more than $7 billion of federally backed loans to repair aging dams owned by states, local governments and private entities across the U.S.

Hierarchically porous carbon networks embedded with single iron sites for efficient oxygen reduction

Currently, oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) suffers from sluggish kinetics and high overpotential, which usually requires costly platinum (Pt)-based materials. Transition metal single-atom catalysts (M–N–C), such as Fe–N4 and Co–N4 with high ORR activity have been explored and considered to be the most promising catalysts for replacing precious metals. However, the low active site density...

Mechanotransduction: Using nuclear mechanics to understand health and diseases

The application of mechanic forces to the cell nucleus affects the transport of proteins through the nuclear membrane, an action that controls cellular processes and could play a key role in several diseases such as cancer. These findings draw a new scenario for understanding how the mechanic forces drive the progression of cancer and open the doors to the design of potential innovative...

Hydrodynamic model of fish orientation in a channel flow

For over a century, scientists have sought to understand how fish orient against an incoming flow, even without visual and flow cues. In a study published in eLife, researchers explore a potential hydrodynamic mechanism of fish rheotaxis—movement away or toward water currents—through the study of the bidirectional coupling between fish and the surrounding fluid.