105 articles from TUESDAY 2.5.2023

Dredged lake sediment could nourish new crops

Every year, farmers fertilize their crops with nitrogen and phosphorus to ensure a good harvest. And every year some of that fertilizer inevitably makes its way into ponds and lakes, where it can trigger ecosystem-wrecking algal blooms. According to a new study published last month in Science of the Total Environment , though, there may be a relatively simple way to close...

An AI-powered solution for accurately diagnosing tomato leaf diseases

Plant diseases have posed a major threat to farmers since the early days of agriculture. Today, despite our improved understanding of the causes and treatment of these diseases, they continue to cause significant economic losses. Although detecting plant diseases early is a farmer's best bet to minimize their impact, manual inspection of each plant is a monumental task and is prone to errors. Only...

Using plasma against toxic PFAS chemicals

Harmful PFAS chemicals can now be detected in many soils and bodies of water. Removing them using conventional filter techniques is costly and almost infeasible. Researchers at the Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB are now successfully implementing a plasma-based technology in the AtWaPlas joint research project.

Scientists create high-resolution poverty maps using big data

A team of researchers from the Complexity Science Hub (CSH) and Central European University (CEU) created more-detailed poverty maps using computational tools that bring together survey information, and data and images provided by public sources such as Google and Meta (Facebook).

New video series captures team working on NASA's Europa Clipper

Destined for Jupiter's icy moon Europa, the Europa Clipper spacecraft—the largest NASA has ever flown on an interplanetary mission—is being readied to launch in October 2024. Between now and then, thousands of hours of work will go into assembling and testing the spacecraft to ensure it's hardy enough to survive a six-year 1.6-billion-mile (2.6 billion kilometer) journey and sophisticated...

Moss-covered forest ditches could provide another tool to combat climate change

According to a study by the Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), the University of Tampere and the University of Helsinki, ditches in forestry-drained peatlands release less methane into the atmosphere than what has previously been estimated. The study showed that methane emissions are particularly low in moss-covered ditches. The proportion of such ditches from all forest ditches is...

'Golden' fossils reveal origins of exceptional preservation

A recent study found that many of the fossils from Germany's Posidonia shale do not get their gleam from pyrite, commonly known as fool's gold, which was long thought to be the source of the shine. Instead, the golden hue is from a mix of minerals that hints at the conditions in which the fossils formed. The discovery is important for understanding how the fossils -- which are among the world's...

Fossil find in California shakes up the natural history of cycad plants

Cycads, a group of gymnosperms which can resemble miniature palm trees (like the popular sago palm houseplant) were long thought to be "living fossils," a group that had evolved minimally since the time of the dinosaurs. Now, a well-preserved 80-million-year-old pollen cone discovered in California has rewritten scientific understanding of the plants.

Wastewater microfibers contribute to potential pollution on Kenyan coastline

Washing clothes releases microfibers, which can be synthetic (plastic) and non-synthetic, but little is understood about the environmental impact. To better understand this, researchers teamed up with the Flipflopi project, an initiative which uses the world's first recycled plastic sailing dhow, a handmade boat constructed from materials found on African beaches, including 30,000 discarded flip...