167 articles from TUESDAY 27.6.2023

Opinion: A green transition will not be good for everyone

If you have been following the climate debate at all, you are bound to have heard the following arguments: "Everyone agrees that climate change is an urgent problem. We need to act now, or it will be too late. There really is no time for debate—the world is burning."

Host genetics shown to play a significant role in the composition of switchgrass root microbiomes

Plants provide a home for a wide diversity of microbes, especially in their roots. In turn, these communities can provide important benefits for the host. A study published in Current Biology investigated how the genetics of host plants determine the composition of the bacterial communities associated with the plants' roots. The study identified a core set of bacterial strains that colonize...

An anthropological glimpse into entrepreneurial behavior

Anthropologist Joost Beuving provides new insights into entrepreneurial behavior in his recently published book, "Theorizing Entrepreneurship for The Future." This behavior shows striking similarities around the world, according to Beuving's long-term studies and fieldwork in Greece, West Africa and the United States, among other countries. "In reality, entrepreneurial success often has more to do...

'Smiling cat' Sh2-284 nebula captured in new image

This cloud of orange and red, part of the Sh2-284 nebula, is shown here in spectacular detail using data from the VLT Survey Telescope, hosted by the European Southern Observatory (ESO). This nebula is teeming with young stars, as gas and dust within it clumps together to form new suns. If you take a look at the cloud as a whole, you might be able to make out the face of a cat, smiling down from...

New study reveals best words for brand slogans

A new study from Bayes Business School (formerly Cass), the University of Missouri and the University of Arizona has uncovered the word properties that make slogans effective, as the researchers found that the attributes that make a slogan easier to process lead to it being more likable but less memorable, and vice versa.

Black families growing up on either side of the tracks have same economic outcomes, says study

For many, neighborhoods that offer children access to better resources, less crime and less violence often result in better opportunities for healthier and more prosperous lives. Indeed, researchers studying the effects of moving to "opportunity neighborhoods" argue that very point and many policymakers have taken notice. However, so far, researchers have only accounted for the neighborhoods where...

Scientists develop freely available risk model for hurricanes, tropical cyclones

As human-driven climate change amplifies natural disasters, hurricanes and typhoons stand to increase in intensity. Until now, there existed very few freely available computer models designed to estimate the economic costs of such events, but a team of researchers led by Jane W. Baldwin at the University of California, Irvine recently announced the completion of an open-source model that stands to...

Study reveals genetic secrets of America's favorite snack

In its simplest form, popcorn is pretty uncomplicated. Most supermarket varieties offer the choice of two kernel colors, yellow or white, and two kernel shapes, pointed or pearl. When popped, the flake typically expands into one of two shapes: mushroom or butterfly. But there's more to popcorn than meets the eye. New research from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign reveals a wealth of...

Promoting public transportation with modern pricing schemes

In Summer 2022, Germany introduced an unprecedented reduction in public transport fares, the so-called 9-Euro Ticket, which granted nationwide access to public transport for just 9 Euros per month—recently followed up by the "DeutschlandTicket" program for 49 Euros per month. An analysis by RWI–Leibniz Institute for Economic Research and Yale University shows that the 9-Euro Ticket had little...

Just add water: Garden ponds and bird baths help wildlife thrive, study finds

Providing water sources in residential gardens helps wildlife thrive, according to new University of Bristol-led research. The study, published in Urban Ecosystems, compared the quantity and variety of wildlife visiting urban lake water sources and residential gardens in England and found no difference in the number of small-bodied wildlife that visited.

Chocolate can be fruity or flowery, if you skip the roasting step

"Natural" foods are trendy, and proponents claim that little or no processing helps preserve the food's inherent flavor. Research now published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry shows that, at least for certain artisanal, bean-to-bar chocolates, this could indeed be the case. The team reports that unroasted, "raw" chocolate features certain compounds responsible for fruity flavors...

New drug delivery method can reverse senescence of stem cells

As we age, our bodies change and degenerate over time in a process called senescence. Stem cells, which have the unique ability to change into other cell types, also experience senescence, which presents an issue when trying to maintain cell cultures for therapeutic use. The biomolecules produced by these cell cultures are important for various medicines and treatments, but once the cells enter a...

Q&A: How can climate scientists better communicate risk?

A new study authored by an international group of climate scientists, including an expert at Brown University, found that climate scientists have long struggled to find the best ways to present crucial facts about future sea level rise to policymakers, stakeholders and the general public.

Informing readers about journalism's societal importance could boost subscription revenues

A new study, led by Professor Neil Thurman, Honorary Senior Research Fellow at City University of London along with Dr. Bartosz Wilczek and Ina Schulte-Uentrop from Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (LMU), and published in the International Journal of Communication, reveals how a sales pitch mentioning both the financial pressures faced by news outlets and how subscribers support...

Surface-enhanced vibrational circular dichroism for chiral mixture sensing

Chiral molecules can present different chemical properties. For applications like drug delivery and diagnosis, it is important to detect chiral signals in mixtures. Although electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy has been reported many times for sensing chiral molecules, it is still difficult to operate in chiral mixtures, as the dimensionality of the signals is limited.

Monolithically integrated semiconductor lasers with silicon photonic circuits

Silicon (Si) photonics has recently emerged as a key enabling technology in many application fields thanks to the mature Si process technology, the large silicon wafer size, and Si optical properties. However, the inability of Si-based materials to efficiently emit light requires the use of other semiconductors for light sources.