175 articles from THURSDAY 29.6.2023

Earliest strands of the cosmic web

Galaxies are not scattered randomly across the universe. They gather together not only into clusters, but into vast interconnected filamentary structures with gigantic barren voids in between. This 'cosmic web' started out tenuous and became more distinct over time as gravity drew matter together.

Analyzing the expression of hate speech in YouTube comments

Researchers at the Interactive Technologies Institute have conducted a study on hate speech targeting marginalized communities in YouTube comments. Cláudia Silva joined a research team led by Paula Carvalho (INESC-ID/IST), that aimed to analyze the prevalence and linguistic strategies underlying online comprehensively hate speech against Afro-descendant, Roma, and LGBTQ+ communities in Portugal....

Is early childhood education contributing to socioeconomic disparities?

Students from middle- and upper-class backgrounds are more likely to participate in classroom discussions than are equally capable students from working-class backgrounds, finds a new study of preschool children in France by an international team of researchers. The work also shows that these differences may shape how students are perceived by their peers.

New platform slashes time to engineer and select the best genome editors for specific applications

A research team from the LKS Faculty of Medicine, the University of Hong Kong (HKUMed) has developed a new way to break through the current limited throughput in optimizing precise genome editors at scale, and engineer hundreds (or more) of base editor variants in parallel instead of via current laborious one-at-a-time testing, and inform users of the most suitable ones for therapeutic genome...

For job applicants with a criminal record, showcasing the right credentials can make a difference

Employment is believed to reduce the likelihood of criminal recidivism, but a criminal record is a significant barrier to employment. People with a criminal record are more likely to be unemployed or underemployed, or to have a job that does not match their skills or interests. In a new study, researchers asked business managers to make hypothetical hiring decisions about males with a criminal...

Native Americans' awareness of omission and discrimination fuels civic engagement, finds research

Derogatory stereotypes constitute a clear form of discrimination, but an absence of information about a group in mainstream society can also communicate a lack of respect for a community. That is the case for Native Americans, who are often underrepresented in media and policy discussions. In a recent Psychological Science study, researchers found that Native American adults who identified more...

Study shows significant decline of snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere over last half century

In the face of the ongoing climate crisis, scientists from many fields are directing their expertise at understanding how different climate systems have changed and will continue to do so as climate change progresses. Robert Lund, professor and department chair of statistics at the UC Santa Cruz Baskin School of Engineering, collaborated on a new study that uses rigorous mathematical models and...

Models provide new insights into relationship between Asia-Pacific upper-tropospheric temperatures and precipitation

Pacific Oscillation (APO) is a recently identified atmospheric teleconnection pattern in the Asia-Pacific sector characterized by a seesaw vibration of upper-tropospheric temperatures between Asia and the North Pacific. Teleconnections are links between weather phenomena at widely separated locations. The APO has substantial impacts on atmospheric circulation, monsoon rainfall, and cyclone...

The power of Indigenous voices and data supporting the green transition

A new policy paper titled "Data-driven Subnational Decision-making in the Arctic: The power of Indigenous voices and data supporting the green transition" will change the way we look at green transition. The work is published by the team at the University of Lapland, a partner in the Arctic PASSION project.

Rise of the RNA machines: Self-amplification in mRNA vaccine design

The next generation of self-replicating mRNA vaccines could have fewer side effects such as fever, headache and fatigue. This would partly result from the application of artificial intelligence in vaccine development. This is the prediction of Gorben Pijlman, virologist at Wageningen University & Research (WUR), and colleagues, published in Trends in Biotechnology.

AI improving understanding of migratory birds' internal clock, map and compass

Different species of migrating bird have different genetically programmed procedures that signal when it is time to head off and when it is time to return. It may have to do with factors such as daylight, temperature, weather and the Earth's magnetic field. These migration programs have been studied before, but new technology and computational capacity make it possible to process large amounts of...

Winning a Nobel Prize may be bad for your productivity

For many scientists, there’s no greater achievement than winning a Nobel Prize. Since its creation in 1901, the medal has recognized breakthroughs that have broadened our understanding of reality and changed the world. It also might be a productivity killer. According to a working paper recently published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, scientists’ output tends to...

Scientists edge toward scalable quantum simulations on a photonic chip

Scientists have made an important step toward developing computers advanced enough to simulate complex natural phenomena at the quantum level. While these types of simulations are too cumbersome or outright impossible for classical computers to handle, photonics-based quantum computing systems could provide a solution.