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163,552 articles from ScienceDaily
Fruit flies offer clues to how brains make reward-based decisions
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/22 20:12
New research finds fruit flies make decisions based on their expectations about the likelihood of a reward and pinpoints the site in the fly brain where these value adjustments are made, enabling researchers to directly test a theory about how the brain enables this behavior on the level of neural circuits.
Probing the deep genetic structure of Africa
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/22 20:12
Using ancestry decomposition techniques an international research team has revealed a deeply divergent ancestry among admixed populations from the Angolan Namib desert. This unique genetic heritage brings the researchers closer to understanding the distribution of genetic variation in the broader region of southern Africa before the spread of food production.
Jellyfish, with no central brain, shown to learn from past experience
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/22 17:08
Even without a central brain, jellyfish can learn from past experiences like humans, mice, and flies, scientists report for the first time. They trained Caribbean box jellyfish (Tripedalia cystophora) to learn to spot and dodge obstacles. The study challenges previous notions that advanced learning requires a centralized brain and sheds light on the evolutionary roots of learning and memory.
Colorful primates don't have better color vision, study finds
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/22 17:08
Primate species with better color vision are not more likely to have red skin or fur coloration, as previously thought.
Trigonelline derived from coffee improves cognitive functions in mice
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/22 17:08
Trigonelline is derived from coffee; researchers have found that it improves spatial learning and memory in senescence-accelerated mice. The study also suggested that this effect results from inhibiting neuroinflammation and restoring neurotransmitter levels in the brain.
Astronomers discover newborn galaxies with the James Webb Space Telescope
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/22 17:08
With the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope, astronomers are now able to peer so far back in time that we are approaching the epoch where we think that the first galaxies were created. Throughout most of the history of the Universe, galaxies seemingly tend to follow a tight relation between how many stars they have formed, and how many heavy elements they have formed. But for the first time...
Migratory birds can be taught to adjust to climate change
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/22 17:08
One result of climate change is that spring is arriving earlier. However, migratory birds are not keeping up with these developments and arrive too late for the peak in food availability when it is time for breeding. By getting the birds to fly a little further north, researchers have observed that these birds can give their chicks a better start in life.
Astronomers find abundance of Milky Way-like Galaxies in early Universe, rewriting cosmic evolution theories
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/22 17:07
Galaxies from the early Universe are more like our own Milky Way than previously thought, flipping the entire narrative of how scientists think about structure formation in the Universe, according to new research.
Same genes behind heart muscle disorders in humans and Dobermanns
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/22 17:07
Researchers have made a significant finding in determining the genetic background of dilated cardiomyopathy in Dobermanns. This research helps us understand the genetic risk factors related to fatal diseases of the heart muscle and the mechanisms underlying the disease, and offers new tools for their prevention.
Carbon source found on surface of Jupiter's moon Europa
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/22 17:07
Astronomers using data from NASA's James Webb Space Telescope have identified carbon dioxide in a specific region on the icy surface of Europa.
A network that spreads light and the role of thalamus in our brain
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/22 17:07
New research using ultra-high field 7 Tesla MRI, provides a better understanding of how light stimulates our brain and could provide new insights into how it works.
Why are you better at recognizing upright faces? Clues from a person who sees the world differently
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/22 17:07
When you see a familiar face upright, you'll recognize it right away. But if you saw that same face upside down, it's much harder to place. Now researchers who've studied Claudio, a 42-year-old man whose head is rotated back almost 180 degrees such that it sits between his shoulder blades, suggest that the reason people are so good at processing upright faces has arisen through a combination of...
THURSDAY 21. SEPTEMBER 2023
Conversations with plants: Can we provide plants with advance warning of impending dangers?
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 21:45
Plant scientists have engineered a light-controlled gene expression system (optogenetics system) from a prokaryotic system into a eukaryotic system that is tailored for plants.
AI helps bring clarity to LASIK patients facing cataract surgery
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 21:45
Scientists develop computer models of patients' eyes to identify the ideal intraocular lenses and visual simulators for patients to experience how they will see with them.
We could sequester CO2 by 're-greening' arid lands, plant scientists say
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 21:45
Reducing CO2 levels in the atmosphere will take more than cutting emissions -- we will also need to capture and store the excessive volumes of already-emitted carbon. A team of plant scientists argue that arid lands such as deserts could be one answer to the carbon-capture problem.
This parasitic plant convinces hosts to grow into its own flesh--it's also an extreme example of genome shrinkage
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 21:45
Balanophora shed one third of its genes as it evolved into a streamlined parasitic plant -- an extreme degree of genome shrinkage even among parasites. Along the way this subtropical plant developed the ability to induce the host plant to grow into the parasite's own flesh -- forming chimeric organs that mix host and parasite tissues.
Dinosaur feathers reveal traces of ancient proteins
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 21:45
Palaeontologists have discovered X-ray evidence of proteins in fossil feathers that sheds new light on feather evolution.
How climate warming could disrupt a deep-rooted relationship
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 21:44
Trees depend on fungi for their well-being. As climate change and global warming cause higher temperatures and amplified drought, little is known about how these important fungi will respond. To investigate this issue, a research team conducted a climate change experiment where they exposed boreal and temperate tree species to warming and drought treatments to better understand how fungi and their...
No shortcuts: New approach may help extract more heat from geothermal reservoirs
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 21:44
Geothermal heat offers a promising source of renewable energy with almost zero emissions, but it remains a relatively expensive option to generate electricity. A new technique may help prevent 'short-circuits' that can cause geothermal power plants to halt production, potentially improving the efficiency of geothermal power, the researchers said.
Scientists regenerate neurons that restore walking in mice after paralysis from spinal cord injury
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 21:44
In a new study in mice, researchers have uncovered a crucial component for restoring functional activity after spinal cord injury. The neuroscientists have shown that re-growing specific neurons back to their natural target regions led to recovery, while random regrowth was not effective.
New recycling method fights plastic waste
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 16:58
Almost 80% of plastic in the waste stream ends up in landfills or accumulates in the environment. Scientists have now developed a technology that converts a conventionally unrecyclable mixture of plastic waste into useful chemicals, presenting a new strategy in the toolkit to combat global plastic waste.
Unzipping mRNA rallies plant cells to fight infection
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 16:57
Living things from plants to humans must constantly adjust the chemical soup of proteins -- the workhorse molecules of life -- inside their cells to adapt to stress or changing conditions. Now, researchers have identified a previously unknown molecular mechanism that helps explain how they do it. A team now reveals hairpin-like structures of mRNA that, by zipping and unzipping, help cells change...
Monkeys cause a stink in response to human noise
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 16:57
New research has found that monkeys increase their use of scent markings to compensate for human noise pollution. The study has investigated how primates change their communication strategies in response to noise pollution. The researchers studied endangered pied tamarins (Saguinus bicolor), which use both vocal calls and scent markings. The researchers found that the frequency of scent marking...
Topological materials open a new pathway for exploring spin hall materials
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 16:57
A recent discovery in spintronics could potentially transform future electronics. A group of researchers have revealed the key role of cobalt-tin-sulfur in reducing energy consumption, unlocking new possibilities for high-speed, low-power spintronic devices.
Researchers reveal the origins of zirconium nitride's superior performance
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 16:57
A group of researchers have unraveled the mysteries behind a recently identified material -- zirconium nitride (ZrN) -- that helps power clean energy reactions. Their proposed framework will help future designs for transition metal nitrides, paving a path for generating cleaner energy.
Ritual use of human remains dating from the Neolithic
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 16:57
An international study has documented post-mortem bone modifications not linked to consumption.
Shape-changing smart speaker lets users mute different areas of a room
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 16:57
A team has developed a shape-changing smart speaker, which uses self-deploying microphones to divide rooms into speech zones and track the positions of individual speakers.
One-atom-thick ribbons could improve batteries, solar cells and sensors
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 16:57
Researchers created nanoribbons made of phosphorus and tiny amounts of arsenic, which they found were able to conduct electricity at temperatures above -140 degrees Celsius, while retaining the highly useful properties of the phosphorus-only ribbons.
Riddle of varying warm water inflow in the Arctic now solved
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 16:57
In the 'weather kitchen,' the interplay between the Azores High and Icelandic Low has a substantial effect on how much warm water the Atlantic transports to the Arctic along the Norwegian coast. But this rhythm can be thrown off for years at a time. Experts finally have an explanation for why: Due to unusual atmospheric pressure conditions over the North Atlantic, low-pressure areas are diverted...
Towards a better understanding of early human embryonic development
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 16:57
Despite being an essential developmental process, the understanding of human embryonic genome activation is limited, owing to the lack of in vitro cell models and ethical concerns. To advance understanding, five independent research groups have recently developed human 8-cell-like cells (8CLCs) from pluripotent stem cells using different approaches. In a new study, researchers now compare the...
Material would allow users to 'tune' windows to block targeted wavelengths of light
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 16:57
Researchers have demonstrated a material for next generation dynamic windows, which would allow building occupants to switch their windows between three modes: transparent, or 'normal' windows; windows that block infrared light, helping to keep a building cool; and tinted windows that control glare while maintaining the view.
Scientists successfully maneuver robot through living lung tissue
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/21 16:56
Scientists have shown that their steerable lung robot can autonomously maneuver the intricacies of the lung, while avoiding important lung structures.
WEDNESDAY 20. SEPTEMBER 2023
College athletes experience worse post-injury outcomes for concussions suffered outside of sports
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/20 21:24
Researchers found that college athletes had worse post-injury outcomes related to concussions they experienced outside of sports than those they experienced while playing sports. Additionally, female athletes who sustained their injury outside of sports had more severe symptoms and more days in sports lost to injury relative to male athletes. These findings suggest the need for improved concussion...
Disrupting a core metabolic process in T cells may improve their therapeutic efficacy
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/20 21:24
In exploring an aspect of how killer T cells generate the raw materials required for their proliferation, a study has uncovered an unexpected link between the immune cells' metabolism, regulation of gene expression, persistence and functional efficacy that could be exploited using existing drugs to improve cancer immunotherapy.
Exercise and muscle regulation: Implications for diabetes and obesity
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/20 21:24
How do our muscles respond at the molecular level to exercise? Researchers have unraveled the cellular basis and signaling pathways responsible for the positive impact of physical activity on our overall health. Regulatory T cells, a type of immune cell, play a critical role in ensuring proper muscle function. These novel insights are paving the path towards precision medicines targeting metabolic...
Structure of crucial receptor in brain development, function
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/20 21:24
Scientists have revealed the molecular structure of a type of receptor that's crucial to brain development and function. 'This study shows the dominant assemblies and states of the GABA receptor. That's really the huge breakthrough -- nobody had been able to figure out which of the hundreds of thousands of these assemblies are most highly populated,' said the senior author.
How to tackle the global deforestation crisis
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/20 21:24
New research examines the 'revolution' in the study of deforestation brought about by satellites, and analyzing which kinds of policies might limit climate-altering deforestation.
Genetic biomarker may predict severity of food allergy
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/20 21:24
Researchers reported for the first time that a genetic biomarker may be able to help predict the severity of food allergy reactions. Currently there is no reliable or readily available clinical biomarker that accurately distinguishes patients with food allergies who are at risk for severe life-threatening reactions versus more mild symptoms.
New Mars gravity analysis improves understanding of possible ancient ocean
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/20 21:23
The first use of a novel method of analyzing Mars' gravitational force supports the idea that the planet once had an extensive northern ocean. In doing so, the method defines the scope of what scientists refer to as the northern Martian paleo-ocean in more detail.
Making contact: Researchers wire up individual graphene nanoribbons
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/20 21:23
Researchers have developed a method of 'wiring up' graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), a class of one-dimensional materials that are of interest in the scaling of microelectronic devices. Using a direct-write scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) based process, the nanometer-scale metal contacts were fabricated on individual GNRs and could control the electronic character of the GNRs. The researchers say...
Stabilizing precipitate growth at grain boundaries in alloys
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/20 21:23
Materials are often considered to be one phase, but many engineering materials contain two or more phases, improving their properties and performance. These two-phase materials have inclusions, called precipitates, embedded in the microstructure. Alloys, a combination of two or more types of metals, are used in many applications, like turbines for jet engines and light-weight alloys for automotive...
Sustainable energy for aviation: What are our options?
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/20 21:23
Scientists and industry leaders worldwide are looking for answers on how to make aviation sustainable by 2050 and choosing a viable sustainable fuel is a major sticking point. Aerospace engineers took a full inventory of the options to make a data-driven assessment about how they stack up in comparison. He reviewed over 300 research projects from across different sectors, not just aerospace, to...
New drug delivery system has potential to improve cancer treatments
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/20 21:23
Biomedical engineers have developed a new hydrogel-based delivery system that balances the acidic environment in a tumor and greatly enhances the cancer-fighting activity of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin.
'Garbatrage' spins e-waste into prototyping gold
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/20 21:23
Building on work in human-computer interaction that aims to incorporate sustainability and reuse into the field, researchers introduce 'garbatrage,' a framework for prototype builders centered around repurposing underused devices.
Researchers make sand that flows uphill
- ScienceDaily
- 23/9/20 21:23
Engineering researchers have discovered that sand can actually flow uphill. A corresponding video shows what happens when torque and an attractive force is applied to each grain -- the grains flow uphill, up walls, and up and down stairs.